Alexander Rudolph is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Political Science at Carleton University, where he researches the force structures and doctrine of nation-states engaged in cyber conflict. Alex’s research methods incorporate the sociology of hackers, information security, and OSINT to examine the mechanisms for state competition and grand strategy in cyberspace. As a researcher and speaker, he regularly contributes to Canadian and international discussions on cyber defence policy and international cyber conflict. He is also the founder of Canadian Cyber in Context, the first open research publication dedicated to Canadian cyber defence policy. Alex has over a decade of experience working for non-profits and is currently an analyst and consultant in the defence industry.